![]() ![]() In Latin's usage beyond the early medieval period, it lacked native speakers. Late Latin is the written language from the 3rd century, and its various Vulgar Latin dialects developed in the 6th to 9th centuries into the modern Romance languages. Vulgar Latin was the colloquial form with less prestigious variations attested in inscriptions and the works of comic playwrights Plautus and Terence and author Petronius. The Latin alphabet is directly derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets.īy the late Roman Republic (75 BC), Old Latin had been standardized into Classical Latin. ![]() Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four verb conjugations, six tenses (present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect), three persons, three moods, two voices (passive and active), two or three aspects, and two numbers (singular and plural). ![]() For most of the time it was used, it would be considered a " dead language" in the modern linguistic definition that is, it lacked native speakers, despite being used extensively and actively. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Latin ( lingua Latīna or Latīnum ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Range of the Romance languages, the modern descendants of Latin, in Europe.
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